Our genes are units of information that determine the traits we get from our parents. Just as we inherit our height, eye and hair colour, some dental health characteristics are also influenced by genetics. Typically, the shape, size and alignment of our teeth is inherited. Even our tooth colour and saliva microbiome can be influenced by our genes. Genetics also plays a role in our jaw development and how our teeth meet when we bite. This means that parents with crowded, crooked teeth are more likely to have children with similar issues. But it’s important to remember that genetics is not the only influencing factor in our oral health, lifestyle and environmental factors also play a huge part.
Is tooth decay caused by genetics?
It may be. However, tooth decay is what is called a ‘multifactorial’ issue, meaning it’s caused by a combination of factors. Enamel, the outer layer of our teeth, works like a protective shield against bacteria and acids. Stronger, more resistant enamel makes our teeth less likely to decay. Some people have genes that make their enamel stronger so they’re naturally less vulnerable to decay. Saliva, is nature’s toothpaste and helps to neutralize the acids in our diet and made by the bacteria on our teeth after eating. Staying hydrated and eating a nutritionally balanced diet can help make our saliva more protective, however there is also a genetic component. This can explain why some people can get away with eating sugary foods and brushing less – regularly reviewing your individual susceptibility to oral disease alongside your oral health professional is key to preventing dental disease.
Is gum disease caused by genetics?
There is a link between gum disease, periodontitis and genetics. There can also be a connection between how our body responds to bacterial infection and our individual susceptibility to gum disease. But even if we have a genetic predisposition to gum disease, it’s not a certainty. While genetics may influence our individual susceptibility, the same processes which cause gum issues apply to all of us. Brushing regularly helps to remove the bacteria which accumulates around our gums and prevent pockets forming between the teeth and gums. Left untreated, these pockets can lead to periodontitis. Regular dental checks include taking measurements of these pockets and monitoring any changes.
Jaw shape and tooth development
Proper alignment of the teeth is more important than just how they look. Teeth need to work together to support ideal chewing and talking. When teeth are not aligned in their correct position, there is uneven wear and tear. Some people have teeth which are too large, or small, for the size and shape of their jaw. Gaps can form between the teeth when they are too small for the jawbone. In some families, a gap between the front teeth, a ‘diastema’, is more common. Even missing, extra or malformed teeth tend to run in families. Misaligned teeth make cleaning harder, increasing the risk of decay and gum disease.
But what can I do about my genetics?
We cannot do anything to change our genetics, but it can be helpful for us to understand our genetic predisposition to oral health issues. For example, oral cancer, gum disease, including periodontitis and the strength of our tooth enamel can all be genetically influenced. Knowing your family history and potential for genetic risks will also help your dentist to incorporate preventative strategies in your oral health plan. Make a dental appointment today to discuss your individual situation.
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